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There are several resources on the internet that could probably explain better than I, but the numbers you are asking, depending on the type of scanning can mean different things. generally the numbers represented are the direction sampling rate on the x and y co-ordinates. One is the number of sensors in the CCD imaging array and the other is the precission of the stepping motor. That being said , several scanner manufacturers get these higher numbers by either software enhancing the image or using interpolated resolution (ie creating pixel values between those actually scanned as weighted averages. In a very basic example - if it scanned one yellow pixen and then followed by a red pixel, they would add an orange pixel in between the two actually captured.)
The next thing that you need to let us know - Is this a film scanner or a document scanner that you are referring to . ie a document scanner scanning at600dpi is great, but for a film (i.e. slide) , may not be anywhere sufficient.
I would also look at the backlight source as that can make a difference in the quality of the scanned result - i.e. xenon or fluorescent.
I would suggest doing a google search and start from there, also once you have found something you like, either post here and if people have experience , they would let you know, and definitely read reviews, to see how people use and like or dislike their purchase after the fact.
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